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Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Innovation Indicators: Introducing New Products and Processes The previous sections of this report examined indicators of invention output and knowledge transfer activities. As described earlier, invention represents a subset of R&D output that includes new and useful processes, machines, manufactures, or compositions of matter, or any new and useful improv... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Invention Indicators: Protecting Useful Ideas As described in the introduction, R&D activities from all parts of society create new knowledge (Image INV-1, see Introduction). A large share of this new knowledge is intended as a public good and disclosed to the scientific community and to the public via scientific literature. This activity is... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available As described in the previous Invention Indicators: Protecting Useful Ideas section, the output of R&D, both formal and informal, includes scientific knowledge, inventions (i.e., new and useful processes, machines, manufactures, or compositions of matter, or any new and useful improvements thereof... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Figure Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available Startup companies based on licensed university technology: 1999–2019 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available U.S. Startup Trends A significant amount of knowledge transfer to startup companies takes place via startup licensing of university and government technology and from startup participation in government programs like STTR. However, many startups that rely on outside knowledge as the basis for their new products and ... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Supplemental Tables USPTO utility patents granted in textile and paper machines, by region, country, or economy: 1998–2020 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available University Knowledge Transfer Activities Licensing and university-based startup activity are two frequently tracked indicators of the technology commercialization component of knowledge transfer by university faculty, staff, and students. The analysis of these activities is based on data from AUTM, a membership organization that support... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) First Comprehensive Innovation Survey for the United States: Data from the 2017 Annual Business Survey Innovating companies, by type and location of cooperation partner and size of company: 2015–17 More than two-fifths (43%) of the estimated 4.6 million for-profit companies with at least one employee introduced an innovation during 2015–17. Innovation is defined as the implementation of one or more new or significantly improved products or processes, a new marketing method, or a new organiz... July 28, 2021 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21334 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Citations of Peer-Reviewed Research in Patents Patent documents filed with the USPTO include citations to prior art, which refers to published patents and patent applications as well as to peer-reviewed research and other published documents (nonpatent literature). Citations of S&E articles in patent documents provide another indicator of kno... January 15, 2020 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20204 1 2 Next
